python 中用 string.maketrans 和 translate 巧妙替换字符串
将 nginx 日志中字符串 [2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00] HTTP 格式化为："2013-07-03 00:29:40-05:00"
整条日志如下：
92.82.22.46 - - [2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00] "GET /images/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"
将[2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00] 替换成为："2013-07-03 00:29:40-05:00"
把 换成"",然后把 T 替换成空格
做法如下：
>>> s='''92.82.22.46 - - [2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00] "GET /images/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"'''>>> table = string.maketrans('','""')>>> s.translate(table)'92.82.22.46 - - "2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00" "GET /images/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"'>>> s.translate(table).replace('T', ' ',1)#替换掉第一个T为空格'92.82.22.46 - - "2013-07-03 00:29:40-05:00" "GET /images/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"'也可以这样：>>> table = re.sub('\[|\]','"',s).replace('T', ' ',1)>>>print table'92.82.22.46 - - "2013-07-03 00:29:40-05:00" "GET /images/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"'